The history of globalization

 In a broad sense of globalization, that is, in terms of social communication across national boundaries and regions, globalization has already existed, but it has become more significant in recent decades. Regarding the starting point of globalization, although academic circles have not yet reached a consensus, they generally agree that globalization is not a matter of recent decades, but has a longer history. This section will talk about the different stages of globalization and its characteristics in history.


Characteristics of different periods of globalization in history


Fragmented early globalization


Period: before human beings sailed around the world

Features: scattered, lack of systematic international communication

Main globalization activities:

Trade-such as exporting spices and silk from Asia to Europe


Religion-such as the Tang Sanzang taking the Western Classics


Military-such as Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, Tang Taizong and other military expansion

The rise and colonization of Europe


Period: Early 16th century to 19th century

Features: centered on Europe, based on military aggression and colonial rule

Main globalization activities:

Military-European countries use military aggression as a means to control Africa, America, Australia and other places and establish colonial rule


Trade—Global trade is expanding rapidly. Europe imports raw materials from colonies and exports immigrants and manufactured products

The first peak of globalization


Period: Mid to late 19th century to World War I

Features: The industrial revolution and technological breakthroughs have greatly increased productivity and shipping capabilities, and promoted global activities focusing on international trade:

Trade-the volume of international trade has greatly increased, and international brands and international retail markets have begun to take shape


Finance and Finance—The gold standard system allows currencies to circulate globally, and cross-border financial activities have greatly increased


Immigration-countries have loose entry and exit restrictions, and international immigration has increased significantly

Characteristics: Globalization has entered another peak period. International exchanges have increased rapidly, especially in the economic field. Global interactions in the political and cultural fields have also increased significantly.

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