What is the relation between politics and globalization?/Yang Ruixin

I. From conflict to integration

In the process of globalization, I think political culture is a contradictory unity of integration and diversity.

"The End of History" arbitrarily emphasizes world integration，It is believed that the different forms of civilization, social system, economic system, and development model in the world should be unified in the western culture with the idea of free democracy as the core of thought.

The theory of clash of civilizations emphasizes the diversity or difference of culture and thinks that pluralism is the cultural root of global conflict.

Both separate the dialectical relationship between the integration and diversity of political culture, This is a typical manifestation of western cultural hegemony in the process of political globalization.

In fact, the value interference of western developed countries to other countries, and the integration of capitalist culture will cause value conflict and cultural division to a greater extent. Political globalization was initiated and promoted by capitalist countries，Its political culture must have the subjective color of capitalist countries，For other countries threatened with globalization, To a certain extent, there will be cultural maladjustment or even conflict.

However, the process of the development of world civilization is the process from cultural conflict to cultural integration with cultural differences as the logical starting point. With the continuous advancement of the process of political globalization, various political cultures agitated and influenced each other, which correspondingly accelerated the speed of political value convergence.

The modern political values of freedom, democracy, equality, justice, and human rights have increasingly become the common pursuit of different social systems in the world and become the evaluation standard of the political system and political life.

Although the values of freedom, democracy, equality, justice, and human rights are not the same among peoples and countries because of the great differences in historical traditions, national cultures, and development models, the recognition of these modern political values by the people of the world is increasing, and the democratic system that guarantees the realization of these political values has been popularized throughout the world through the nationalization and transformation.

The general promotion of the democratization of the political system is due to the political and cultural identity in the process of political globalization, which is the process of political and cultural integration in all countries of the world.

 

II.From confrontation to cooperation

Political globalization has greatly enhanced the degree of political connectivity among international actors. There is a kind of competition, restriction, dependence, and coexistence between countries, and the interdependent interest pattern strengthens the cooperation dimension of international relations. From the point of view of the nation-state's own development, in order to safeguard their national and national interests, friction and collision will inevitably occur in international political exchanges, But in order to avoid such conflicts and conflicts to escalate into a fierce confrontation between the enemy and ourselves, resulting in both sides of the situation, multiple damages, and even to the regional or global negative impact. Countries often find consensus based on the theme of the times of peace and development, establish a global awareness and world vision, and adopt a coordinated and cooperative approach to international relations and international affairs.

From the overall development of international relations, there are many complexes, severe and extensive "global problems", Issues such as environment, resources, population, international crime, terrorism, directly related to the common interests of the nations of the world, To be a common challenge for all nations of the world, Beyond the capacity of individual sovereign states to respond with their own strength, This provides a great opportunity and a broad stage for the coordination and cooperation of all countries in the world.

Therefore, in the process of political globalization, Traditional international boundaries tend to be blurred, Domestic and foreign politics are mutual premises and interdependent, Domestic political internationalization is intertwined with international political domestication, The space for decision-making on self-sexual behavior in countries is becoming smaller and smaller, It is the norm for political actors to transcend social system antagonism and eliminate ideological prejudices in order to work together.

 

III. From unipolar to multipolar

The development of political globalization has promoted the international political pattern from unipolar, bipolar, or united hegemonic system to multipolar development, Political pattern multi-polarization has become the basic trend of political globalization.

At the end of World War II, the United States, and the Soviet Union formed a bipolar pattern, Leading international relations, and the international order. At the end of the cold war, the bipolar pattern of the United States and the Soviet Union collapsed, and the world political pattern developed towards the trend of multi-polarization.

The growth, rise, and coordination of many emerging countries or groups of countries, such as the European Union, the BRICS, and the New 11 countries, have become important forces in promoting world economic growth and the evolution of the international political landscape, Effective containment of the intentions and actions of power politics and hegemonism, The balance of international political power has been formed, It shows that the political pattern of multi-polarization is unstoppable, International significance for improving and optimizing the international order and environment of political globalization.

But the imbalance between the development of political globalization and the balance of international power, The contest between unipolar hegemony and multipolar power is always a long-term, tortuous, arduous, and complicated process. The multipolar development of political pattern is to realize the democratization of international relations and the diversification of the development path by constructing a new international political order which is fair, just, scientific, and reasonable.

The democratization of international relations is in accordance with the basic norms of international relations recognized by all States, Domestic affairs are left to the peoples themselves, Freedom from control and interference by other States, Respect for the voice of sovereign independence. International affairs are settled by equal participation, consultation, and cooperation among all countries, so as to avoid the domination and domination of international relations.

In domestic and international affairs, Any attempt at unipolar hegemony or hegemonism is contrary to the common aspirations of the peoples of the world, and the development direction of the history of human society Must be condemned and despised by other countries and peoples.

The diversification of the development path means that development should not and can not only have a unified and fixed model, Countries have the right to choose a rich and colorful national development model in line with their national conditions. Due to differences in the political system, economic system, social system, cultural traditions, customs, and customs, there is also a clear distinction between the stage of development and the degree of development, All nations and nations must follow the basic historical law and follow the unique development path, Choosing a specific path of political development appropriate to one's own circumstances, So as to form a multi-polar behavior, the pluralistic development model of international political civilization.